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Pfalz D.XII
The Pfalz D.XII was a German fighter aircraft built by Pfalz Flugzeugwerke. Designed by Rudolph Gehringer as a successor to the Pfalz D.III, the D.XII entered service in significant numbers near the end of the First World War. It was the last Pfalz aircraft to see widespread service. Though the D.XII was an effective fighter aircraft, it was overshadowed by the highly successful Fokker D.VII.
==Design and development==
In early 1918, the ''Idflieg'' (''Inspektion der Fliegertruppen'') distributed to German aircraft manufacturers a detailed engineering report on the SPAD S.VII, whose wing structure ''Idflieg'' considered to be well-designed.〔Herris 2001, p. 87.〕 Pfalz accordingly produced several Pfalz D.III-derived prototypes with SPAD-type wings.〔 These developed into the Pfalz D.XII. The new aircraft was powered by the 180 hp Mercedes D.IIIaü engine and continued the use of LFG-Roland's patented ''Wickelrumpf'' plywood-skinned monocoque fuselage construction.〔In ''Wickelrumpf'' construction, two layers of thin plywood strips were placed over a mold to form one half of a fuselage shell. The fuselage halves were then glued together, covered with a layer of fabric, and doped. LFG-Roland introduced the construction method in the Roland C.II, and licensed it for use in the Pfalz D.III.〕 Unlike the earlier aircraft, the D.XII used a two-bay wing cellule. Furthermore, the flush wing radiator was replaced with a car-type radiator mounted in front of the engine.〔Gray and Thetford 1962, p. 192.〕
The prototype D.XII first flew in March 1918. Subsequently, ''Idflieg'' issued a production order for 50 aircraft. Pfalz entered several D.XII prototypes in the second fighter competition at Adlershof in May/June 1918. Only Ernst Udet and Hans Weiss favored the D.XII over the Fokker D.VII,〔Gray and Thetford 1962, p. 191.〕 but Udet's opinion carried such weight that Pfalz received substantial production orders for the D.XII.〔Weyl 1965, p. 322.〕 The aircraft passed its ''Typenprüfung'' (official type test) on 19 June 1918.
Difficulties with the radiator, which used vertical tubes rather than the more common honeycomb structure, delayed initial deliveries of the D.XII until June.〔 The first 200 production examples could be distinguished by their rectangular fin and rudder. Subsequent aircraft featured a larger, rounded rudder profile.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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